الخميس، 24 يونيو 2010

the energy and meterial

The energy and the material




The two concepts refer to the more important factors which forms the universe, the material in physics means anything has mass can be found in certain space in universe .

The mass is the basic property for the material we in this article speak about the very little masses in universe which forms the large masses , we speak about the sub-atomic particle s , the masses of the sub-atomic particles is in contact with energies , therefore we can see the changes in energy effect on the sub-atomic particles masses .

In physics there are 12 sub-atomic particles they

The six quarks (the units which forms the protons and neutrons) The up quark, dawn quark , strange quark , bottom quark , charm quark ,and top quark.

And the other six sub-atomic particles are the electron, moun , tau , and the accompanied neutrinos for the three particles which are neutrino electron ,neutrino moun , and neutrino tau ,this is the sub-atomic particles which has masses, every one of these particles has certain energy standard or energy level found in it, the energy is related in the formation of this particles and their masses , the energy which found in the universe in fourth forms ,

The fourth energies are

1-the strong energy which are carried by quantum (the quantum is imaginary particle does not have mass) this quantum called gluon, the strong energy is controlling the connections of the quarks and the particles which consists of the quarks like the protons and neutrons , the particles which consist of the quarks called the hadrons , the hadrons is classified to baryon and meson , the baryon consist of three quarks while the meson consist of the quark and anti quark , it is not possible the quarks found in single they found in groups , we named these groups the hadrons , the hadrons consist of the quarks and the gluons.

The hadrons forms the nucleus of the atom .

2-the electromagnetic force which are carried by quantum called the photon , the photon is interacting with charged particles like the electrons the mouns the tau and the protons , the electromagnetic is the force which make the electrons move in certain orbits round the nucleus of the atom , this force is controlling the interactions between the atoms to form the molecules .

3-the weak force this force is carried by particles called the z ,w+ and w- bosons ,this particles have masses , this force is controlling the decays interactions for the particles ,any particles will be decayed this force will be generated.

4-the gravity force this force is not related the sub-atomic particles it effects on the large bodies in the space it is the weakest and more range force its effect on the sub-atomic particles is very weak but its effect on the sub-atomic particles cannot be neglected it is carried by quantum called graviton .

The strongest force is the strong nuclear force , and the second strongest force is the electromagnetic it equal 1/137 of the strong force , the weak force equal 10^-14 of the strong force , the weakest force is the gravity it equal 10^-49 of the strong nuclear force , the strong nuclear force is the shorter range effect while the gravity force is the longer range effect ,

We can conclude that the strong nuclear force , the weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are the internal forces inside the atomic construction , while the gravity is external force depend on the size (volume) and the distance and effect on the large bodies , it is not found inside the atom that is mean it is space and volumetric force





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